+------------------------------------------------------------------+ | JORNADA LTER | | New Mexico State University | | Data Set Documentation Form | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ All Jornada Desert Site NSF/LTER data sets must be documented on the following form. This applies to any data set intended for permanent archiving. All raw data sets collected under the auspices of the Jornada NSF/LTER Program will be described by the following standardized form. Information that is not available at this time, must be included when available. See data manager for any questions regarding this form. -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1) Data set access (RESTRICTED or UNRESTRICTED): --------------------------------------------- RESTRICTED 2) Data set title: --------------- SMES vegetation quadrat data 3) Project title: -------------- Small Mammal Exclosure Study 4) Responsible investigator(s): ---------------------------- David Lightfoot 5) Date data collection commenced (mm/dd/yyyy): -------------------------------------------- Jornada Site : Fall 1995 (10/1995) Sevilleta Site: 04/10/1995 Mapimi Site : N/A 6) Date data collection terminated (mm/dd/yyyy or ONGOING): -------------------------------------------------------- Jornada Site : ONGOING Sevilleta Site: ONGOING Mapimi Site : N/A 7) Expected duration of study: --------------------------- five years (1995 - Oct 1999) 8) Frequency of measurement: ------------------------- Twice each year; April and October 9) Researchers: (Personnel who will be obtaining data and who would need to be contacted directly if there is a problem in the raw data): ---------------------------------------------------------------- Jornada Site : 1995-June 1996 David Lightfoot, John Anderson, Nancy Stotz, Cathie Sandell, July 1996 - March 1998 David Lightfoot, John Anderson, Chris McGlone, Sophia Gehlhausen April 1998 - David Lightfoot, John Anderson, Chris McGlone, Stephanie Richmond Sevilleta Site: David Lightfoot, Mapimi Site : 10) Methods of recording (field data sheets, instrumental, etc.): ---------------------------------------------------------------- field data sheets 11) Site location (Describe in sufficient detail that the site can be relocated): ---------------------------------------------------------------- The Jornada LTER site is located at the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico (Figure 1). The Jornada is located at 32 north latitude, and the grasslands and shrublands are at about 1,300 meters elevation. The long-term mean annual precipitation is 230 mm, and the mean annual temperature is 15 C. The Jornada is primarily creosotebush and mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) shrubland with less extensive black grama grass communities. The grassland site is one kilometer west of the IBPE grassland site, and the creosotebush site is three kilo- meters southeast of the Lower Trailer. The Sevilleta LTER site is located at the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in central New Mexico (Figure 1). The Sevilleta is located at 34 north latitude, and the grasslands and shrublands are at about 1,550 meters in elevation. The grassland and shrubland areas have long- term mean annual precipitation of about 280 mm and mean annual temperature of about 13 C. The Sevilleta is predominantly black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) and blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) grassland, with less extensive creosotebush shrub communities. The Mapimi Biosphere Reserve is located in the south-central Chihuahuan Desert in the northeastern portion of the state of Durango, Mexico (Figure 1). The Mapimi site is located at 27 north latitude, and the creosotebush shrublands are at 1,100 meters elevation. Mapimi has a long-term mean annual precipitation of 271 mm, and the average annual temperature is 21C. The Mapimi research site is primarily creosotebush shrubland with mesquite. Tabosa (Hilaria mutica) grasslands occur in the bottoms of basins. 12) Data set description (State the hypothesis and / or objectives which collection of data set addresses): ---------------------------------------------------------------- The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not the activities of small mammals regulate plant community structure, plant species diversity, and spatial vegetation patterns in Chihuahuan Desert shrublands and grasslands. What role if any do indigenous small mammal consumers have in maintaining desertified landscapes in the Chihuahuan Desert? Additionally, how do the effects of small mammals interact with changing climate to affect vegetation patterns over time? This study will provide long-term experimental tests of the roles of consumers on ecosystem pattern and process across a latitudinal climate gradient. The following questions or hypotheses will be addressed. 1) Do small mammals influence patterns of plant species composition and diversity, vegetation structure, and spatial patterns of vegetation canopy cover and biomass in Chihuahuan Desert shrublands and grasslands? Are small mammals keystone species that determine plant species composition and physiognomy of Chihuahuan Desert communities as Brown and Heske (1990a) and Gibbens et al. (1993) suggest? Do small mammals have a significant role in maintaining the existence of shrub islands and spatial heterogeneity of creosotebush shrub communities? 2) Do small mammals affect the taxonomic composition and spatial pattern of vegetation similarly or differently in grassland communities as compared to shrub communities? How do patterns compare between grassland and shrubland sites, and how do these relatively small scale patterns relate to overall landscape vegetation patterns? 3) Do small mammals interact with short-term (annual) and long-term (decades) climate change to affect temporal changes in vegetation spatial patterns and species composition? 13) Attributes measured: ------------------------------------------------------------------- Variable name: blank Number of columns between fields CCCCCCCC See attribute description Format: C = character (C3: Three characters [XXX]) I = integer (I2: Integer with two places [##]) F = floating point (F4.2: Total places with decimal point = 4, with 2 decimal places. [#.##]) Variable code: * See attribute description listing See external listing of variable codes N/A = Not applicable VARIABLE MEASURED VARIABLE NAME FORMAT UNITS CODE ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION -------- -------- -------- -------- ------------------------- DATE mm/dd/yy N/A N/A Date data was collected blank C1 SITE C1 N/A C Site code - Creosotebush G Grassland blank C8 BLOCK I1 N/A 1-4 Block number blank C4 PLOT I1 N/A 1-4 Plot number blank C1 TRT C1 N/A C Treatment type: Control R Rodent Exclosure L Lagomorph Exclosure B Bovine Exclosure blank C5 QUAD I2 N/A 1-36 Quad number blank C1 SPECIES C5 N/A * Species Code, see file SMESSPP.LST for complete species code listing. blank C3 COVER F5.1 cm N/A Total cover each species per quad. bland C4 HGT I3 cm N/A Height of species blank C1 ID C12 N/A * Book -or- Tape Number B01 = Book number one SMXVQF95.JA1 - Code on tape blank C2 ERR I1 N/A 0 Error code No Problems 1 See data history log 14) Missing or questionable values (describe how these are represented in the data set): ---------------------------------------------------------------- "." = missing value 15) Methodology (Provide sufficient detail such that an unaware reader could repeat the described data collection procedures.) ---------------------------------------------------------------- Experimental Design ------------------- A creosotebush shrub study site and a black grama grassland study site have been established at both the Jornada and Sevilleta, for a total of four study sites. The study sites were subjectively chosen to represent typical creosotebush shrub and black grama grassland communities on lower bajada or peidmont slopes at both the Jornada and Sevilleta. The study sites are located in areas that are not grazed by domestic livestock (except the Jornada grassland site; see experimental design below), to eliminate the confounding effects of livestock on vegetation and soil. Each of the four study sites are approximately 1 km by 0.5 km in area. Three rodent trapping webs and four replicate experimental blocks of plots were randomly located at each of the four study sites to measure vegetation responses to the exclusion of small mammals (Figure 2). Treatments within each block include one unfenced control plot, one fenced plot to exclude rodents and rabbits, and one fenced plot to exclude rabbits only. The three treatments were randomly assigned to each of the four possible plots in each block independently. The Jornada grassland site is grazed by cattle, so an additional treatment plot of cattle fencing was randomly assigned to one plot in each of the four blocks. Each of the three or four plots in a replicate block are separated by 20 meters. Each block of plots is situated near a rodent trapping web. Distances between the four replicate blocks of plots at each study site varies among sites from 30 meters to 800 meters, depending upon the random coordinates. Each block of experimental measurement plots consists of one unfenced control plot, and two (or three if cattle are present) fenced animal exclosure plots (Figure 2). Each experimental measurement plot measures 36 meters by 36 meters. A grid of 36 sampling points are positioned at 5.8-meter intervals on a systematically located 6 by 6 point grid within each plot. A 3- meter wide buffer area is situated between the grid of 36 points and the perimeter of each plot. A permanent one-meter by one- meter vegetation measurement quadrat is located at each of the 36 points (Figure 3). The control plots are not fenced. One year of pre-treatment or pre-fencing measurement data will be collected in 1995 from all of the plots. Analysis of the pre-treatment data will reveal any differences between plots that are independent of the treatments. Fences will be constructed in the winter of 1995, and the long-term small mammal exclosure experiment will commence in spring of 1996. One set of exclosure plots will be fenced with three-foot high wire hardware cloth of 1/4-inch mesh size to exclude rodents, and four-foot high poultry-wire fencing of two-inch mesh size to exclude rabbits. The hardware cloth screen will be buried inches to prevent animals from burrowing underneath the fence. The four-foot high poultry-wire fence will be positioned inside of and flush with the screen fence to exclude rabbits from the plot. A six-inch wide strip of metal flashing will be placed along the top of the hardware cloth, and attached outside of the poultry-wire, to prevent rodents from climbing over the fences. Steel fence posts and reinforcing bar (rebar) will be used to support the fences. The second set of exclosure plots will be fenced with poultry-wire to exclude rabbits, but not rodents. Two-inch diameter poultry-wire mesh will allow access for all local rodent species at each site. A four-foot high poultry-wire fence will be positioned around the perimeter of each plot to exclude rabbits. Steel fence posts and rebar will be used to support the fences. Fencing with hardware cloth and poultry wire will impede the ground surface movement of organic litter. Rainfall runoff transports plant litter in ground-surface sheet-flow, and in small ephemeral surface drainages or rills. To alleviate the problem of fences interfering with transport, litter accumulations on the up-slope sides of fences will be manually removed and lifted over the fences once every two months. This procedure will allow for the natural movement of soil surface organic materials on to and off of the fenced plots. Litter catchment screens made of hardware cloth and poultry wire will be placed in all small drainages crossing the up-slope perimeters of each plot, including the unfenced control plots. Litter caught on the screens will be manually lifted over the fences of treatment plots, and placed just across the perimeters of control plots. Use of catchment screens should allow normal litter transport in rills onto and off of the plots. Use of catchment screens on the control plots will account for differences in water flow that the screens might create on the fenced plots. Cattle are present (one-month low intensity winter grazing) at the Jornada black grama grassland site. Barbed-wire strands will be added to the rodent and rabbit, and rabbit only exclosure fences to exclude cattle from those plots. Additionally, a fourth measurement plot was added to each replicate block that will be fenced with barbed-wire to exclude cattle only to measure cattle effects on vegetation and soil. The cattle exclosure treatment is not intended to be part of the overall experimental design, but rather a way a accommodate for the presence of cattle at the site. There are no ungrazed black grama grassland sites at the Jornada that are large enough in area to support the small mammal exclosure study. The same experimental design is proposed for the Mapimi research site, except that a creosotebush study site and a tabosa grassland study site will be installed instead of creosotebush and black grama grassland sites as at Sevilleta and Jornada. Tabosa is the dominant grassland at Mapimi, and no black grama grasslands occur at Mapimi. Additionally, the Mapimi site is grazed by cattle, so a fourth cattle exclosure plot will be included in each block of plots at the creosotebush and tabosa grassland study sites. Rodent trapping webs are being used to determine the composition of rodent species at each study site, and to estimate densities of each species over time. The use of webs and distance measures to estimate rodent densities is statistically more robust than grid plot sampling and mark-release indices (Anderson et al. 1983, Buckland et al. 1993). Each rodent trapping web consists of a series of 12 equally spaced lines radiating from a central point. Each line consists of 12 trap stations. The first trap station is located 5 meters from the center, the next three at 5 meter intervals, and the remaining 8 at ten meter intervals. Each trap line is 100 meters long, and each web is 200 meters in diameter. The above rodent trapping web design has been used for six years at the Sevilleta LTER, and has recently been adopted by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as a standard technique for monitoring rodent populations. Vegetation will be measured two ways on each of the measurement plots. Plant species composition, cover, and above ground foliage height will be measured from each of the 36 quadrats on each plot. The maximum height (cm) and total canopy cover (cm2) of each plant species will be measured from a one- meter by one-meter measurement frame that will be placed over each permanent vegetation measurement quadrat. The plant measurement frames are constructed of 1/2-inch diameter PVC pipe. The frames are one-meter on a each side with an internal grid of 100 ten-centimeter by ten-centimeter squares made from string. Four height-adjustable legs are attached to each corner of the frame to measure vegetation from ground level up to two meters in height. Vegetation ---------- This vegetation measurement frame design has been used successfully at the Jornada LTER site to measure plant canopy cover and heights for the past six years. Biomass estimates will be made for each plant species by use of species specific regression equations that have been developed at the Jornada LTER based on clipped foliage harvests. Vegetation measurements will be taken twice each year in the late spring (April-May) to include spring annual plants, and again in the late summer (September-October) at the end of the growing season to include summer annuals and peak perennial biomass. Low-level aerial photographs will be taken to record total vegetation canopy cover and plant species composition throughout controlled camera positioned above each 36-meter by 36-meter study plot on a small weather balloon that will be held in position by tether lines. The weather balloon has been used successfully for low-level aerial photographs at the Sevilleta LTER site. Four separate aerial photographs will be taken of each 13 meter by 13 meter quarter of each plot to increase photographic resolution. Resolution of such photographs should be less than 1 centimeter, based on similar photographs taken at the Sevilleta LTER site. Complete plot vegetation map overlays will be prepared from the four photographs for each plot. Photographs will be ground-checked to verify plant species. Balloon photographs will be taken once each year at the end of the growing season in the autumn. 16) Key literature (Citations that describe sampling procedures, [reference of a published paper, thesis, etc.]): ---------------------------------------------------------------- *********************************************************** * Note: * * Not all citations listed may be directly related to * * this dataset. The listing is a complete listing for * * the entire Small Mammal Exclosure Study project. * *********************************************************** Abaturov, B. D. 1972. The role of burrowing animals in the transport of mineral substances in the soil. Pediobiologia 12:261-266. Anderson, D. R., K. P. Burnham, G. C. White, and D. L. Otis, 1983. Density estimation of small-mammal populations using a trapping web and distance sampling methods. Ecology 64:674- 680. Anderson, S. 1972. Mammals of Chihuahua: taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 148:149-410. Bahre, C. J. 1991. A legacy of change. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. Barbault, R. and G. Halffter, editors. 1981. Ecology of the Chihuahuan Desert: Organization of some vertebrate communities. Instituto de Ecologia, A. C. Mexico, D. F. Beatley, J. C. 1969. Dependence of desert rodents on winter annuals and precipitation. Ecology 50:721-724. Brown, H. 1947. Coaction of jackrabbits, cottontails, and vegetation in mixed prairie. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 50:28-44. Brown, J. H. and D. W. Davidson. 1977. Competition between seed- eating rodents and ants in desert ecosystems. Science 196:880-882. Brown, J. H., D. W. Davidson, J. C. Munger, and R. S. Inouye. 1986. Experimental community ecology: The desert granivore system. Pages 41-61. In: J. Diamond and T. J. Case editors. Community Ecology. Harper and Row, New York. Brown, J. H., D. W. Davidson, and O. J. Reichman. 1979. An experimental study of competition between seed-eating rodents and ants. American Zoologist 19:1129-1143. Brown, J. H. and E. J. Heske. 1990a. Control of a desert- grassland transition by a keystone rodent guild. Science 250:1705-1707. Brown, J. H. and E. J. Heske. 1990b. Temporal changes in a Chihuahuan Desert rodent community. Oikos 59:290-302. Brown, J. H., O. J. Reichman, and D. W. Davidson. 1979. Granivory in desert ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 54:201-227. Brown, J. H. and Z. Zeng. 1989. Comparative population ecology of eleven species of rodents in the Chihuahuan Desert. Ecology 70:1507-1525. Buckland, S. T., D. R. Anderson, K. P. Burham, and J. L. Laake. 1993. Distance sampling: estimating abundance of biological populations. Chapman and Hall. London. Buffington, L. C. and C. H. Herbel. 1965. Vegetational changes on a semidesert grassland range from 1858-1963. Ecological Monographs 35:139-164. Chew, R. M. 1974. Consumers as regulators of ecosystems: an alternative to energetics. Ohio Journal of Science 74:359- 370. Chew, R. M. 1976. The impacts of small mammals on ecosystem structure and function. Pages 167-180. In: D. P. Snyder, editor. Populations of small mammals under natural conditions. The Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology, Special Publications Series, Vol. 5. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Clark, I. 1979. Practical geostatistics. Applied Science Publishers, London. 129 p. Clark, W. R. and F. H. Wagner. 1984. Role of livestock and black- tailed jackrabbits in changing abundance of Kochia americana. Great Basin Naturalist 44:635-646. Crawford, C. S. and J. R. Gosz. 1982. Desert ecosystems: Their resources in space and time. Environmental Conservation 9:181-195. Crawley, M. J. 1983. Herbivory: the dynamics of animal-plant interactions. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. Crawley, M. J. 1989. The relative importance of vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores in plant population dynamics. Pages 41-57. In: E. A. Bernays, editor. Insect plant interactions. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. Dick-Peddie, W. A. 1993. New Mexico vegetation: Past, present, and future. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM. Elkins, N. Z., G. V. Sabol, T. J. Ward, and W. G. Whitford. 1986. The influence of subterranean termites on the hydrological characteristics of a Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem. Oecologia 68:521-528. Ernest, K. A. 1994. Resistance of creosotebush to mammalian herbivory: temporal consistency and browsing-induced changes. Ecology 75:1684-1692. Findley, J. S., A. H. Harris, D. E. Wilson, and C. Jones. 1975. Mammals of New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM. Gardner, J. L. 1951. Vegetation of the creosotebush area of the Rio Grande valley in New Mexico. Ecological Monographs 21:379-403. Gibbens, R. P., K. M. Havstad, D. D. Billheimer and C. H. Herbel. 1993. Creosotebush vegetation after 50 years of lagomorph exclusion. Oecologia 94:210-217. Grenot, C. and V. Serrano. Ecological organization of small mammal communities at the Bolson de Mapimi. Pages 89-100. In: R. Barbault and G. Halffter, editors. Ecology of the Chihuahuan Desert: Organization of some vertebrate communities. Instituto de Ecologia, A. C. Mexico, D. F. Harper, J. L. 1969. The role of predation in vegetational diversity. Brookhaven Symposium in Biology 22:48-62. Hastings, R. J. and R. M. Turner. 1980. The changing mile: An ecological study of vegetation change with time in the lower mile of and arid and semiarid region. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ. 317 p. Henley, S. 1981. Nonparametric geostatistics. Applied Science Publishers, London. 145 p. Heske, E. J., J. H. Brown, Q. Guo. 1993. Effects of kangaroo rat exclusion on vegetation structure and plant species diversity in the Chihuahuan Desert. Oecologia 95:520-524. Holland, E. A., W. J. Parton, J. K. Detling, and D. L. Coppock. 1992. Physiological responses of plant populations to herbivory and their consequences for ecosystem nutrient flow. American Naturalist 140:685-706. Huntly, N. J. 1991. Herbivores and the dynamics of communities and ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 22:477-503. Inouye, R. S., G. S. Byers, and J. H. Brown. 1980. Effects of predation and competition on survivorship, fecundity, and community structure of desert annuals. Ecology 61:1344-1351. Joern, A. 1979. Feeding patterns in grasshoppers: factors influencing diet specialization. Oecologia 38:325-347. jackrabbits in relation to population density and vegetation. Journal of Range Management 37:79-83. Ludwig, J. A. and J. F. Reynolds. 1988. Statistical ecology. John Wiley & Sons. New York. 337 p. MacKay, W. P. 1991. The role of ants and termites in desert communities. Pages 113-150. In: G. A. Polis, editor. The ecology of desert communities. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Mackay, W. P. and W. G. Whitford. 1988. Spatial variability of termite gallery production in Chihuahuan Desert plant communities. Sociobiology 4:281-289. MacMahon, J. A. and F. H. Wagner. 1986. The Mojave, Sonoran, and Chihuahuan deserts of North America. Pages 105-202. In: M. Evenari, I. Noy-Meir, and D. W. Goodall, editors. Ecosystems of the world, Volume 12B. Hot deserts and arid shrublands, B. Elsevier, New York, NY. McNaughton, S. J., M. Oesterheld and D. A. Frank. 1989. Ecosystem-level patterns of primary productivity and herbivory in terrestrial habitats. Nature 341:142-144. Milchunas, D. G. and W. K. Lauenroth. 1993. Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Ecological Monographs 63:327-366. Mills, J. N., T. L. Yates, J. E. Childs, R. R. Parmenter, T. G. Ksiazek, P. E. Rollin, and C. J. Peters. In press. Guidelines for working with rodents potentially infected with hantavirus. Journal of Mammalogy. Moorehead, D. L., F. M. Fisher, and W. G. Whitford. 1988. Cover of spring annuals on nitrogen rich kangaroo rat mounds in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland. American Midland Naturalist 120:443-447. Montana, C. 1988. Estudio intergado de los recursos vegetacion, suelo y agua en la Reserva de la Biosfera de Mapimi. Instituto de Ecologia, Mexico, D. F. Moroka, N. R., F. Beck, and R. D. Pieper. 1982. Impact of burrowing activity of the banner-tail kangaroo rat on southern New Mexico desert rangelands. Journal of Range Management 35:707-710. Mun, H. T. and W. G. Whitford. 1990. Factors affecting annual plant assemblages on bannertail kangaroo rat mounds. Journal of Arid Environments 18:165-173. Naiman, R. J. 1988. Animal influences on ecosystem dynamics. BioScience 38:750-752. Nelson, R. 1988. Dryland management: the desertification problem. Environmental Department Working Paper No. 8. World Bank, Washington, DC. Nicholls, H. 1988. El Nino-Souther Oscillation and rainfall variability. Journal of Climate 1:418-412. Norris, J. J. 1950. Effect of rodents, rabbits, and cattle on two vegetation types in semidesert range land. New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 353. Otte, D. 1976. Species richness patterns of New World grasshoppers in relation to plant diversity. Journal of Biogeography 3:197-209. Pacala, S. W. and M. J. Crawley. 1992. Herbivores and plant diversity. American Naturalist 140:243-260. Reichman, O. J. and K. M. Van De Graff. 1975. Association between ingestion of green vegetation and desert rodent reproduction. Journal of Mammalogy 56:503-506. Richman, D. B., D. C. Lightfoot, C. A. Sutherland, and D. J. Ferguson. 1993. A manual of the grasshoppers of New Mexico. Cooperative Extension Service, Handbook No. 7. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM. Rivera, E. 1986. Faunistic study of the Acridoidea (grasshoppers) of the Mapimi Biosphere Reserve, Durango, Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana 14:1-44. Roberston, G. P. 1987. Geostatistics in ecology: Interpolating with known variance. Ecology 68:744-748. Schaefer, D. A. and W. G. Whitford. 1981. Nutrient cycling by the subterranean termite Gnathametermes tubiformans in a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. Oecologia 48:277-283. Schlesinger, W. H., J. F. Reynolds, G. L. Cunningham, L. F. Huenneke, W. M. Jarrell, R. A. Virginia, and W. G. Whitford. 1990. Biological feedbacks in global desertification. Science 247:1043-1048. Soholt, L. F. 1975. US/IBP Desert Biome, Research Memo 75-19. Steinberger Y. and W. G. Whitford. 1983. The contribution of shrub pruning by jackrabbits to litter input in a Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem. Journal of Arid Environments 6:183-187. West, N. E. and J. O. Klemmedson. 1978. Structural distribution of nitrogen in desert ecosystems. Pages 1-16. In: N. E. West and J. J. Skujins eds. Nitrogen in desert ecosystems. US/IBP Synthesis Series 9. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, PA. Van Cleve, K. and S. Martin, eds. 1991. Long-term ecological research in the United States: A network of research sites. 6th ed. Long-Term Ecological Research Network Office, University of Washington, College of Forest Resources, AR- 10, Seattle, WA. 178 p. Wagner, F. H. 1976. Some concepts in the management and control of small mammal populations. Pages 192-202. In: D. P. Snyder, editor. Populations of small mammals under natural conditions. The Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology, Special Publications Series, Vol. 5. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Whitford, W. G. 1976. Temporal fluctuation in density and diversity of desert rodent populations. Journal of Mammalogy 57:351-369. Whitford, W. G., Y. Steinberger, and G. Ettershank. 1982. Contributions of subterranean termites to the economy of Chihuahuan Desert ecosystems. Oecologia 55:298-302. York, J. C. and W. A. Dick-Peddie. 1969. Vegetation changes in southern New Mexico during the past hundred years. Pages 157-166. In: W. G. McGinnies and B. J. Goldman, eds. Arid lands in perspective. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ. Zeevalking, H. J. and L. F. M. Fresco. 1977. Rabbit grazing and diversity in a dune area. Vegetatio 35:193-196. 17) Keywords (keywords that describe data set; maximum of 10): ---------------------------------------------------------------- vegetation, plant species, canopy cover 18) Treatment of data: (List any programs used in analysis of the data): [Note: Programs should be appended and stored with this form.] ---------------------------------------------------------------- SAS program will be used to analyze data 19) Associated computer accounts: ---------------------------------------------------------------- 20) Files associated with this data set: ---------------------------------------------------------------- A) Metadata files FILE NAME DESCRIPTION OF FILES ------------ ----------------------------------------------- SMLMAMEX.PRJ Project documentation SMESQDPC.DSD Data set documentation ------------ ----------------------------------------------- B) Data files FILE NAME DESCRIPTION OF FILES ------------ ----------------------------------------------- SMXVQS95.DAT Data file for Spring 1995 SMXVQF95.DAT Data file for Fall 1995 SMXVQS96.DAT Data file for Spring 1996 SMXVQF96.DAT Data file for Fall 1996 SMXVQS97.DAT Data file for Spring 1997 SMXVQF97.DAT Data file for Fall 1997 SMXVQS98.DAT Data file for Spring 1998 SMXVQF98.DAT Data file for Fall 1998 SMXVQS99.DAT Data file for Spring 1999 SMXVQF99.DAT Data file for Fall 1999 SMXVQS00.DAT Data file for Spring 2000 SMXVQF00.DAT Data file for Fall 2000 SMESQUAD.HIS Data set history log SME-DED1.DOC Additional history of corrections (Binary) MSWord for Windows v6.0a ------------ ----------------------------------------------- C) Data entry, verification, and analysis files FILE NAME DESCRIPTION OF FILES ------------ ----------------------------------------------- SMESQUAD.DED Data entry procedure documentation (ASCII) SMESQUAD.DOC Data entry procedure documentation (Binary) MSWord for Windows v6.0a SMESQUAD.EXE Data entry program (Binary) SMESQUAD.BAS Quick basic main module source code (Binary) SMESQUAD.TXT Quick basic main module source code (ASCII) SMESSUB1.BAS Quick basic sub-module source code (Binary) SMESSUB1.TXT Quick basic sub-module source code (ASCII) SMESQUAD.MAK Quick basic make file (ASCII) SMESSPP.EXT External species code list (ASCII) SMESQUAD.BAT MS-DOS Batch file for data editing (ASCII) ------------ ----------------------------------------------- D) Other (Any other related files.) FILE NAME DESCRIPTION OF FILES ------------ ----------------------------------------------- SMESSPP.LST Plant species list with codes (ASCII) SOILDIST.TXT Soil disturbance codes w/ definition(ASCII) ------------ ----------------------------------------------- 21) Comments (Include any comments here that more fully describe this data set): ---------------------------------------------------------------- 22) Data set documentation history log: ---------------------------------------------------------------- Data set title - SMES Vegetation Quadrat Data Data set file name - SMESQDPC.DSD ---------------------------------------------------------------- mm/dd/yyyy - Date of Comment Int - Initials of person making Comment KJL = Kevin J. La Fleur JPA = John P. Anderson Changes/Updates - List any changes made to document mm/dd/yyyy Int Changes/Updates ---------- --- ----------------------------------------------- 04/10/1995 KJL Form completed by investigator 08/02/1996 KJL Converted data set document file to new format 02/06/1997 JPA Adjusted documented format to match data set 06/16/1998 JPA Updated date entry file names 06/16/1998 JPA Added SME-DED1.DOC history file. There is no ASCII formated file because table format used is needed for clarification. See hard copy also. 08/23/2000 JPA Update file names. 05/01/2001 JPA Update file names. ------------------------------------------------------------------- END OF DATA SET FILE -------------------------------------------------------------------