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JORNADA BASIN LTER IV:LINKAGES IN SEMI-ARID LANDSCAPESSUBMITTED BY THE JORNADA LTER-IV CONSORTIUM
Laura Foster Huenneke New Mexico State University Project Coordinator
Principal Investigators:
Athol D. Abrahams (Geography), State University of New York, Buffalo
Dale Gillette, NOAA, Research Triangle Park, NC
Table of Contents
Section 1. Results from prior support.
The Jornada Basin LTER program began in January 1982. The program has evolved substantially in conceptual approach and in participants from the original Jornada LTER I project, “Interactions in Time and Space Variability in a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem: Jornada LTER.” The Jornada LTER I addressed the general hypothesis that spatial differences in nitrogen and water availability would impose lags in ecosystem response, and that lags (and responses) would differ between communities located in different portions of a watershed/topographic gradient. Two parallel 2.7-km transects were established, extending from the base of a desert mountain to the middle of a playa (dry lake). Aerial applications of nitrogen fertilizer were applied to one transect annually, to homogenize the patchy distribution of a limiting resource. Major results from these studies included: confirmation that nitrogen (N) availability, in interaction with water availability, can limit primary production; and indications that spatial and temporal patterns of water and N availability are related to patterns of water and organic matter transport across the landscape. We continue to derive information on water availability and plant community response from these long-term transects. Jornada LTER II (1989 – 1993) brought a larger group of investigators together to address the hypothesis that desertification has altered a previous, relatively uniform distribution of water and nitrogen by increasing their spatial and temporal heterogeneity, leading to changes in community composition and biogeochemical cycling. This model of resource redistribution as both cause and consequence of desertification was described in a 1990 paper in Science (Schlesinger et al.), and served as our general conceptual framework throughout LTER II and III. LTER II saw us broaden our focus of attention from the original transects to an explicit consideration of all major ecosystem types of the larger Jornada basin. A network of 15 intensive study sites was established to represent the range of variation present within each of 5 ecosystem types. During the LTER II period we emphasized comparisons of the structure of the biotic communities among ecosystem types, baseline descriptions of resource availability in those ecosystem types, and tests of the major tenets of the Jornada desertification model. The permanent sites established in 1989 continue to highlight our comparative approach to understanding the dynamics within Chihuahuan desert ecosystems. LTER III (1994 – 2000) comprised two major efforts added to the long-term studies on the 15 intensive sites: extensive work aimed at understanding the physical processes of resource redistribution by wind and water, and the establishment of two long-term experiments. These experiments were designed to test hypotheses about the role of species diversity and of interactions among multiple stressors in controlling ecosystem dynamics. We summarize below some of the major advances in our understanding during this funding period, and relate them to the tenets of the resource redistribution model (Figure 1.1).
Soil Heterogeneity and Geostatistics: One of the central hypotheses guiding LTER II and III was that an increase in the spatial heterogeneity of soil resources leads to the progressive invasion and persistence of arid-land shrubs and to the desertification of formerly productive black grama grasslands. Such “islands of soil fertility” appear in many deserts, and we sought to test the generality of this model in the Jornada Basin and elsewhere. Using standardized methods, we collected soils in a variety of grassland/shrubland areas and in areas where creosotebush has persisted for long periods (e.g. Mojave desert). At the finest scale of our sampling (~20 cm), plant nutrients (N and P) were randomly distributed in grasslands, and more concentrated under shrubs than in the barren soils between shrubs in shrublands. Isotropic geostatistics showed that the scale of the autocorrelation in shrublands was similar to the average size of s hrubs (Schlesinger et al. 1996). In contrast, non-essential nutrients (e.g., Na, Cl and Li) were randomly distributed in both grassland and shrubland habitats, suggesting that the concentration of essential plant nutrients under shrubs was due to biotic processes (Figure 1.2). Thus it appears that shrubs leave their signature on the biogeochemistry of arid-land soils (Schlesinger and Pilmanis 1998).
Radiation Balance: Working with MEDEA -- a committee sponsored by the U.S. Defense Department -- Schlesinger and his collaborators examined the radiation balance of grassland and shrubland vegetation at the Jornada and along fenceline comparisons of the US-Mexico border. Black grama grassland has greater cover, lower albedo, and lower soil surface temperature than adjacent shrublands dominated by mesquite. Increasing desertification of semiarid grasslands by the invasion of shrubs can be expected to affect regional climate, by causing higher surface temperatures (Michalek et al. in review).
Aeolian processes:Initial studies of wind erosion during LTER III focused on understanding dust generation at three vegetation-free (disturbed) sites on sandy soil; airborne particle fluxes at these sites are quite high. Monitoring was then expanded to measure particle fluxes at the 15 (vegetated) intensive study sites. Results document that undisturbed sandy soils in mesquite shrublands, and disturbed soils of all types, exhibit high rates of wind erosion, as expressed by calculating the ratio of the fluxes at vegetated sites to the mean flux from the disturbed or bare sites (Figure 1.3; Marticorena et al. 1997). Other soils are erodible, but only at very high winds that are experienced only rarely. The most vulnerable soils are sandy soils; these make up about half of all Jornada Basin soils. Disturbance by both cattle and humans is very important in increasing wind erosion. The disturbed bare soil used as the comparison for dust production was studied for almost three years. Sand drift data showed the source area to be “supply limited.” On the average, this source area produces dust at a rate roughly one-third that of a thick deposit of loose sandy soil. Interpretation of the data by a model of sand transport showed that the source of the material was abrasion of the surface crust. The abrasion was dominated by very high wind episodes. Geomorphology and soils as indicators of redistribution processes:Another example of differences in redistribution processes among ecosystem types was found by comparing carbon isotopes of modern soils with underlying paleosols along bajada transects in the northern Chihuahuan Desert (Monger et al. 1998). Upslope or higher portions of bajada slopes, where soils are rocky, have low available water holding capacities, and lose runoff water. Large shifts in carbon isotopes in these areas indicate a vegetative change from C4 to C3 plants during the middle Holocene. In contrast, only minor shifts in carbon isotopes occur across the mid-Holocene boundary in downslope areas, where soils are finer-textured, have higher available water holding capacities, and receive run-in water.
Patterns of net primary production: Since 1989 we have been measuring aboveground plant biomass and net primary production (ANPP) by species in permanent quadrats on the 15 intensive study sites. Our non-destructive, spatially-explicit method allows us to characterize both spatial and temporal heterogeneity in biomass and production in a way that facilitates comparison among the 5 ecosystem types (Huenneke et al. in review). The long-term datasets we have accumulated (Figure 1.4) demonstrate that mean annual rates of ANPP do not differ significantly among ecosystem types. However, seasonality of ANPP does differ, with shrublands experiencing peak production in spring and the C4-dominated grasslands with highest productivity generally in the late summer-fall. Inter-annual variability is substantial for nearly all sites studied, reflecting the high variation in climatic factors (particularly precipitation) from year to year. Grass-dominated ecosystems demonstrate greater temporal variation in production than do sh rub-dominated systems (Figure 1.4). On the other hand, in accord with the predictions of the resource redistribution model of desertification, aboveground biomass and productivity are distributed more patchily in shrublands than in grasslands. Another confirmation that shrubs contribute to reduced temporal variation and enhanced spatial variation comes from an experiment excluding seasonal rainfall from shrub islands. Reynolds et al. (1999) demonstrated that even at a small size, both creosotebush and mesquite shrubs are highly effective in concentrating resources and in maintaining physiological activity in the face of severe drought.
Consumer studies:Lizard and ground-dwelling arthropod data from our 12 intensive study sites (no playa pitfalls) demonstrate considerable annual and seasonal variation, both within and between ecosystem types (see data and summaries, http:/www.jornada.nmsu.edu/). These animal groups generally respond positively to increased precipitation and ANPP over time. However, animal responses to ecosystem productivity were not as pronounced as predicted, probably because we monitor predators and detritivores (primarily) rather than herbivores. Some species show independent, unexplained long-term trends that do not correlate with ANPP or with abundance of other species. Results from the Small Mammal Exclosure Study also demonstrate the same patterns of variability for rodents (Figure 1.5), rabbits, ants, grasshoppers, and termites. Rodents and rabbits reduced vegetation foliage cover, especially for some perennial grasses (Figure 1.6), wh ich in turn reduced nest densities of seed-harvesting ants (Figure 1.7). These studies demonstrate that animal consumers are linked to climate, ANPP, as well as to one another. Our data provide convincing evidence that animal consumers can indeed influence the structure and function of semi-arid ecosystems.
Hydrology and redistribution of materials by surface water flow:During LTER III, our research has concentrated on the processes of runoff generation and sediment and nutrient transport in the creosotebush shrubland, grassland, and degraded grassland on the bajada of Mt. Summerford. Field experiments using simulated rainfall have confirmed that the form of vegetation cover (shrub vs. grass vs. open or bare) strongly influences surface hydrology. First, for creosotebush shrubs, mean stemflow rates average 35% of rainfall, regardless of rainfall rate. Sub-canopy rainfall and kinetic energy of rain are reduced beneath creosotebush canopy; these differential splash processes contribute to the formation of mounds beneath shrubs (Wainwright et al. 1999). The presence or absence of grass cover beneath a shrub is an important control on infiltration versus runoff losses; where grass is present, higher percentages of the intercepted rainfall actually infiltrate (Abrahams et al. in press).& nbsp; Runoff losses of nitrogen from grassland and shrub plots were similar and much less than from bare intershrub plots. Concentrations of dissolved N were greatest in grasslands and lowest in the intershrub plots. Total annual loss of N in runoff is estimated as 0.25 kg ha-1y-1 from bajada grasslands and 0.43 kg ha-1y-1 from bajada shrublands (Schlesinger et al. 1999). Development of surface crust leads to significant differences in runoff between vegetated plots and intershrub or degraded grassland plots on the bajada. Animal digging activity has relatively little effect on runoff but is a major influence on sediment yield, because the digging disrupts the surface crust and loose sediment is scattered over the soil surface (Neave 1999). We have also investigated flows in channels or rills. Simulated flows in sand-bed rills have shown that transmission losses over 5-m reaches are as high as 50 % of the inflow and appear to depend on the hydraulic head (Parsons et al. in press). Field monitoring of two small watersheds on the bajada has revealed that transmission losses are particularly high in areas of dispersed flow (termed “beads”). These beads are major sinks for water, sediment, and nutrients and have great potential as rangeland remediation sites (Abrahams et al. in press). An event-based two-dimensional rainfall-runoff model has been developed and applied to the two monitored watersheds to obtain a detailed understanding of the hydrology and hydraulics of overland flow on the bajada. The model shows that surface crusting is an important control on runoff response to rainfall, and suggests that runon infiltration may contribute measurably to infiltration in particular portions of each watershed (Howes 1999).
Plant diversity experiment: During LTER III we initiated a major long-term experiment investigating the impact of altered plant species and functional group diversity. A diverse creosotebush-dominated community was manipulated by the removal of functional groups (shrubs, perennial grasses, succulents, or subshrubs), or by the removal of species within functional groups, from experimental plots. Vegetation response to treatments suggests asymmetric interactions among functional groups; for example, early trends showed shrubs responding favorably to the removal of perennial grasses, but no strong response by grasses to the removal of shrubs. Sediment movement across the surface of these plots varies seasonally (windy vs. rainy seasons) and spatially (with location on the slope), and there are significant treatment differences in at least some seasons. Animal activity in the plots has responded significantly to the manipulations. For exam ple, Zeisset (1998) found that grasshopper abundance and composition responded to altered plant functional group diversity but that ant community composition appeared to be correlated only with the volume of plant canopy present, not with plant composition.
GIS and spatial data: Recent supplements for GIS activities funded the creation of digital vegetation maps for the JER and CDRRC in cooperation with JER. These maps include the rescue of a JER vegetation map dating from 1928 - 1929, and a vegetation map of the JER and CDRRC created in a 1998 field survey using 1996 CIR photography. Figure 1.8 illustrates vegetation change on the JER by comparing these maps (1928-29 vegetation vs. 1998 vegetation). In addition, we have digitized the Buffington and Herbel (1965) historic paper maps of vegetation in 1858, 1915, and 1928. The geologic map (Geologic Map 57: Geology of east half of Las Cruces and northeast El Paso, 1 x 2 degree sheets, New Mexico; Seager et al. 1987) was converted to digital form using a new method involving use of the original cartographic scribe sheets; this proved to be more effective and more accurate than traditional digitizing. This project was a cooperative effort between the Jornada LTER, Water Resources Research Institute, and New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources. A portion of the geologic map is shown in Figure 1.9. A cooperative effort of the NRCS and the Jornada LTER is producing 16 maps of soil distributions for the Jornada basin, extending mapping work done in 1957-1972 as part of the original Desert Soil-Geomorphology Project (Desert Project). Figure 1.10 illustrates the soils currently mapped within our system.
Summary: The Jornada Basin LTER program began with a focus on the response of desert ecosystems to spatial and temporal variation in resource availability. By the start of LTER II, this focus had been formalized as the Jornada resource redistribution model of desertification (Figure 1.1; Schlesinger et al. 1990). The 15 intensive study sites established in LTER II facilitate a more comprehensive comparison of the important ecosystem types of the Chihuahuan desert region than was possible in the original LTER I transects. Our work during LTER III was primarily directed at developing a greater mechanistic understanding of the redistribution of resources by wind and water. A secondary emphasis was the establishment of long-term experiments aimed at understanding the response of Chihuahuan desert ecosystems to environmental changes and human pressures. As the close of Jornada LTER III approaches, we are prepared to take the next logical steps in the study of semiarid rangeland ecosystems. We will explore the implications of these redistribution processes at a larger, landscape scale; and we will assess the relative influence of within-site versus between-site (or landscape-level) factors in determining the unique features of Chihuahuan region ecosystems.
Publications ListThe following publications appeared or were produced during the Jornada Basin LTER III cycle (1994 – 2000). They are categorized as: peer-reviewed journal articles; book chapters and conference proceedings; dissertations and theses; and other. The names of Jornada III principal investigators appear in CAPITALIZED typeface. A complete bibliography of scientific literature from the Jornada research site, including USDA-ARS, NMSU, IBP, and LTER publications, is maintained by data management personnel and is searchable by keyword or author. The complete bibliography is also available through the LTER web site, and we are moving toward making it searchable by web site visitors in the future.
Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
ABRAHAMS, A.D. G. Li, C. Krishnan and J.F. Atkinson. 1998. Predicting sediment transport by interrill overland flow on rough surfaces. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 23: 481-492.
ABRAHAMS, A.D., P. Gao, and F.A. Aebly. 2000. Relation of sediment transport capacity to stone cover and size in rain-impacted interrill flow. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, in press.
ABRAHAMS, A.D., G. Li, C. Krishnan and J.F. Atkinson. Sediment transport equations for interrill overland flow on rough surfaces. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, submitted.
Abrams, M.M. and W.M. Jarrell. 199-. Soil spatial heterogeneity across a mesquite dune chronosequence. Oecologia, in review.
Anderson, D.M., R.E. Estell, K.M. HAVSTAD, W.L. Shupe, R. Libeau and L.W. Murray. 1996. Differences in ewe and wether behavior when bonded to cattle. Applied Animal Behavior Science 47: 201-209.
Anderson, D.M., P. Nachman, R.E. Estell, T. Ruekgauer, K.M. HAVSTAD, E.L. Fredrickson and L.W. Murray. 1996. The potential of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of sheep feces to determine diet botanic composition. Small Ruminant Research 21: 1-10.
Anderson, D.M., E.L. Fredrickson, P. Nachman, R.E. Estell, K.M. HAVSTAD, and L.W. Murray. 1998. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of herbaceous and woody pre- and post-ingested plant material. Animal Feed Science and Technology 70:315-337.
Barrow, J.R., K.M. HAVSTAD, and B.D. McCaslin. 1997. Fungal root endophytes in fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens, on arid rangelands of southwestern USA. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 11: 177-185.
Barrow, J.R., K.M. HAVSTAD, J. Hubstenberger, and B.D. McCaslin. 1997. Seed-borne fungal endophytes on fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 11: 310-314.
BassiriRad, H., D.C. Tremmel, J.F. REYNOLDS, and R.A. VIRGINIA. 199-. Short-term patterns in resource capture by two desert shrubs following a simulated summer rain. Plant and Soil, in review.
BassiriRad, H., J.F. REYNOLDS, R.A. VIRGINIA, and M.H. Brunelle. 1997. Growth and root NO3- and PO43- uptake capacity of three desert species in response to atmospheric CO2 enrichment. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 24: 353-358.
Belnap, J. and D. GILLETTE. 199-. Disturbance of biological soil crusts: Impacts on potential wind erodibility of sandy desert soils in southeastern Utah, U.S.A. Land Degradation and Rehabilitation, in press.
Belnap, J. and D. A. GILLETTE. 1998. Vulnerability of desert soil surfaces to wind erosion: the influences of crust development, soil texture, and disturbance. J. Arid Environments 39: 133-142.
Berckman, S.K. and D.C. Lightfoot. Harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex) nest distribution and microhabitat characteristics across the Chihuahuan Desert. Southwestern Naturalist, in review.
Brisson, J. and J.F. REYNOLDS. 1997. Effects of compensatory growth on population processes: A simulation study. Ecology 78: 2378-2384.
Brussaard, L., V.M. Behan-Pelletier, D.E. Bignell, V.K. Brown, W.A.M. Didden, P.J. Folgarait, C. Fragoso, D.W. Freckman, V.S.R. Gupta, T. Hattori, D. Hawksworth, C. Klopatek, P. Lavelle, D. Malloch, J. Rusek, B. Soderstrom, J.M. Tiedje, and R.A. VIRGINIA. 1997. Biodiversity and ecosystem function in soil. Ambio 26: 563-570.
Buck, B.J. and H.C. MONGER. 2000. Stable isotopes and soil-geomorphology as indicators of Holocene climate change, northern Chihuahuan desert. J. Arid Environments, in press.
Chen, J.-L. and J.F. REYNOLDS. 1997. GePSI: A generic plant simulator based on object-oriented principles. Ecological Modelling 94: 53-66.
Connin, S.L., R.A. VIRGINIA, and C.P. Chamberlain. 1997. Carbon isotopes reveal soil organic matter dynamics following arid land shrub expansion. Oecologia 110: 374-386.
Connin, S.L., R.A. VIRGINIA, and C.P. Chamberlain. 1997. Isotopic study of environmental change from disseminated carbonate in polygenetic soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61: 1710-1722.
Connin, S. L., X. Feng, and R. A. VIRGINIA. Isotopic discrimination during long-term decomposition in an aridland ecosystem. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, in press.
de Soyza, A.G., A.C. Franco, R.A. VIRGINIA, J.F. REYNOLDS, and W.G. Whitford. 1996. Effects of plant size on photosynthesis and water relations in the desert shrub Prosopis glandulosa (Fabaceae). American Journal of Botany 83: 99-105.
de Soyza, A.G., W.G. Whitford, J.E. Herrick, J.W. Van Zee and K.M. HAVSTAD. 1998. Early warning indicators of desertification: Examples of tests in the Chihuahuan desert. Journal of Arid Environments 39: 101-112.
Estell, R.E., D.M. Anderson and K.M. HAVSTAD. 1994. Effects of organic solvents on use of tarbush by sheep. Journal of Chemical Ecology 20: 1137-1142.
Estell, R.E., E.L. Fredrickson, M.R. Tellez, K.M. HAVSTAD, W.L. Shupe, D.M. Anderson, and M.D. Remmenga. 1998. Effects of volatile compounds on consumption of alfalfa pellets by sheep. Journal of Animal Science 76: 228-233.
Estell, R.E., E.L. Fredrickson, D.M. Anderson, K.M. HAVSTAD, and M.D. Remmenga. 1998. Relationship of tarbush leaf surface terpene profile with livestock herbivory. Journal of Chemical Ecology 24: l-12.
Estell, R.E., E.L. Fredrickson and K.M. HAVSTAD. 1996. Chemical composition of Flourensia cernua at four growth stages. Grass Forage Science 51: 434-441.
Eve, M., W.G. Whitford, and K.M. HAVSTAD. 1999. Applying satellite imagery to triage assessment of ecosystem health. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 54:205-207.
Fisher, F.M. and W.G. Whitford. 1995. Field simulation of wet and dry years in the Chihuahuan desert: Soil moisture, N mineralization and ion-exchange resin bags. Biology and Fertility of Soils 20: l37-l46.
Floyd, T. 1996. Top-down impacts on creosotebush herbivores in a spatially and temporally complex environment. Ecology 77: 1544-1555.
Franco, A.C., A.G. de Soyza, R.A. VIRGINIA, J.F. REYNOLDS, and W.G. Whitford. 1994. Effects of plant size and water relations on gas exchange and growth of the desert shrub, Larrea tridentata. Oecologia 97: 171-178.
Fredrickson, E., J. Thilsted, R. Estell and K.M. HAVSTAD. 1994. Effects of chronic ingestion of tarbush (Flourensia cernua) on ewe lambs. Veterinary and Human Toxicology 36: 409-4l5.
Fredrickson, E.L., J.R. Barrow, J.E. Herrick, K.M. HAVSTAD, and B. Longland. 1996. Low cost seeding practices for desert environments. Restoration and Management Notes 14: 72-73.
Fredrickson, E.L., R.E. Estell, K.M. HAVSTAD, T. Ksiksi, J. Van Tol, and M.D. Remmenga. 1996. Effects of ruminant digestion on germination of Lehmann lovegrass seed. Journal of Range Management 50: 20-26.
Fredrickson, E.L., W.L. Shupe, R.E. Estell, K.M. HAVSTAD, and L.W. Murray. Effects of feeding ewe lambs 15% tarbush pellet pre- and post-weaning on subsequent diet selection of tarbush. Journal of Arid Environments, in review.
Fredrickson, E., K.M. HAVSTAD, R. Estell and P. Hyder. 1998. Perspectives on desertification: Southwestern United States. Journal of Arid Environments 39: 191-207.
Fryrear, D.W., J.B. Ziao, and D. GILLETTE. Aerodynamic equivalent diameter of particles using VSAT. Journal of Geophysical Research, in review.
Gallardo, A. and W.H. SCHLESINGER. 1995. Factors determining soil microbial biomass and nutrient immobilization in desert soils. Biogeochemistry 28: 55-68.
GILLETTE, D.A. 200x. A qualitative geophysical explanation for "hot spot" dust emitting source regions. Contributions to Atmospheric Physics, in press.
Hartley, A.E. and W.H. SCHLESINGER. Environmental controls on nitrogen fixation in northern Chihuahuan desert soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, in review.
Hartley, A.E. and W.H. SCHLESINGER. Environmental controls on nitric oxide emission from northern Chihuahuan desert soils. Biogeochemistry, in review.
HAVSTAD, K.M., R.P. Gibbens, C.A. Knorr and L.W. Murray. Long-term influences of shrub competition and herbivory on Chihuahuan desert shrub vegetation dynamics. Journal of Range Management, in review.
HAVSTAD, K.M., J.E. Herrick, and W.H. SCHLESINGER. 2000. Rangelands, degradation, and nutrients. PP 77 – 87 in O. Arnalds and S. Archer (editors). Rangeland Desertification. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
HERMAN, R.P., K.R. Provencio, J. Herrera-Matos and R.J. Torrez. 1995. Resource islands predict the distribution of heterotrophic bacteria in Chihuahuan desert soils. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61: l8l6-l821.
HERMAN, R.P. 1997. Shrub invasion and bacterial community pattern in Swedish pasture soil. FEMS Microbiological Ecology 24: 235-242.
Herman, R.P., A. Langley, S. Ambro, and S. Jones. 199-. The distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in upland and playa desert grasslands. Manuscript.
HAVSTAD, K. M., J.E. Herrick, and W.H. SCHLESINGER. Desert rangelands, degradation and nutrients. In: O. Arnalds and S. Archer, editors. Rangeland Desertification. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
Herrick, J.E. and W.G. Whitford. 1995. Assessing the quality of rangeland soils: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 50: 237-242.
Herrick, J.E., K.M. HAVSTAD, and D.P. Coffin. 1997. Rethinking remediation technologies for desertified landscapes. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 52: 220-225.
Ho, M., R.E. Roisman, and R.A. VIRGINIA. 1996. Using strontium and rubidium tracers to characterize nutrient uptake patterns in creosotebush and mesquite. Southwestern Naturalist 41: 239-247.
Howes, D.A. and A.D. ABRAHAMS. In review. A stochastic model of infiltration on a spatially varied hillslope. Water Resources Research.
HUENNEKE, L.F., D. Clason and E. Muldavin. Spatial heterogeneity in Chihuahuan Desert vegetation: implications for sampling in semiarid ecosystems. Journal of Arid Ecosystems, in review.
HUENNEKE, L.F., J. Anderson, and W.H. SCHLESINGER. Spatial and temporal variation in aboveground biomass and net primary production in Chihuahuan desert ecosystems. In revision.
Kay, F.R., H.M. Sobhy and W.G. Whitford. 1999. Soil microarthropods as indicators of exposure to environmental stress in Chihuahuan desert rangelands. Biology and Fertility of Soils 28: 121-128.
Kemp, P.R., J.F. REYNOLDS, Y. Pachepsky and J.-L. Chen. 1997. A comparative study of soil water dynamics in a desert ecosystem. Water Resources Research 33: 73-90.
Kerley, G.I.H., W.G. Whitford, and F.R. May. 1997. Mechanisms for the keystone status of kangaroo rats: graminivory rather than granivory? Oecologia 111: 422-428.
King, D.W, R.E. Estell, E.L. Fredrickson, K.M. HAVSTAD, J.D. Wallace, L.W. Murray. 1996. Effects of Flourensia cernua ingestion on intake, digesta kinetics, and ruminal fermentation of sheep consuming tobosa. Journal of Range Management 44: 325-330.
King, D.W., E.L. Fredrickson, R.E. Estell, K.M. HAVSTAD, J.D. Wallace, and L.W. Murray. 1996. Effect of Flourensia cernua ingestion on nitrogen balance of sheep consuming tobosa. Journal of Range Management 49: 331-335.
Li, G. and A.D. ABRAHAMS. 1999. Controls of sediment transport capacity in laminar interrill flow on stone-covered surfaces. Water Resources Research 35: 305-310.
Li, H. and J.F. REYNOLDS. 1994. A simulation experiment to quantify spatial heterogeneity in categorical maps. Ecology 75: 2446-2455.
Li, H. and J.F. REYNOLDS. 1995. On definition and quantification of heterogeneity. Oikos 72: 280-284.
Mack, G.H., W.C. McIntosh, M.R. Leeder and H.C. MONGER. 1996. Plio-Pleistocene pumice floods in the ancestral Rio Grande, southern Rio Grande rift, USA. Sedimentary Geology 103: 1-8.
Marticorena, B., G. Bergametti, D. GILLETTE, and J. Belnap. 1997. Factors controlling threshold friction velocity in semiarid and arid areas of the United States. Journal of Geophysical Research 102: 23277-23287.
Martinez-Meza, E. and W.G. Whitford. 1996. Stemflow, throughfall and channelization of stemflow by roots in three Chihuahuan desert shrubs. J. Arid Environments 32: 271-287.
Miller, R.E., and L.F. HUENNEKE. 1996. Size decline in Larrea tridentata (creosotebush). Southwestern Naturalist 41: 248-250.
Miller, R.E. and L.F. HUENNEKE. In press. The relationship between density and demographic variation within a population of Larrea tridentata. Southwestern Naturalist.
Miller, R.E. and L.F. HUENNEKE. In press. Demographic variation within a desert shrub, Larrea tridentata, in response to a thinning treatment. Journal of Arid Environments.
MONGER, H.C., D.R. Cole, J.W. Gish, and T.H. Giordano. 1998. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in Quaternary soil carbonates as indicators of ecogeomorphic changes in the northern Chihuahuan desert. Geoderma 82: 137-172.
Moorhead, D.L., R. Sinsabaugh, A.E. Linkins and J.F. REYNOLDS. 1995. Decomposition processes: Modelling approaches and applications. Science of the Total Environment 183: 137-149.
Mun, H.T. and W.G. Whitford. 1998. Change in mass and chemistry of plant roots during long-term decomposition on a Chihuahuan Desert watershed. Biology and Fertility of Soils 26: 16-22.
Murphy, K.L., I.C. Burke, M.A. Vinton, W.K. Lauenroth, M.R. Aguilar, D.A. Wedin, and R.A. VIRGINIA. In review. Regional analysis of litter quality in the central grassland region of North America. Ecology.
Musick, H.B., G.G. Schaber, and C.S. Breed. 1998. AIRSAR studies of woody shrub density in semiarid rangeland: Jornada del Muerto, New Mexico. Remote Sensing of Environment 66: 29-40.
Nash, M.H. and W.G. Whitford. 1995. Subterranean termites: Regulators of soil organic matter in the Chihuahuan desert. Biology and Fertility of Soils 19: l5-l8.
Nash, M.S., W.G. Whitford, J. Van Zee, and K.M. HAVSTAD. 1998. Monitoring changes in stressed ecosystems using spatial patterns of ant communities. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 51: 201-210.
Nash, M.S., J.P. Anderson, and W.G. Whitford. 1999. Spatial and temporal variability in relative abundance and foraging behavior of subterranean termites in desertified and relatively intact Chihuahuan desert ecosystems. Applied Soil Ecology 359: 1-9.
PARSONS, A.J., J. WAINWRIGHT, P.M. Stone and A.D. ABRAHAMS. 199-. Transmission losses in rills in dryland habitats. Hydrological Processes, in press.
Peters, A.J., M.D. Eve, E.H. Holt, and W.G. Whitford. 1997. Analysis of desert plant community growth patterns with high temporal resolution satellite spectra. Journal of Applied Ecology 34: 418-432.
Phinn, S., J. Franklin, A. Hope, D. Stow, and L.F. HUENNEKE. 1996. Biomass distribution mapping using airborne digital video imagery and spatial statistics in a semi-arid environment. Journal of Environmental Management 47: 139-164.
REYNOLDS, J.F. and J. Chen. 1996. Modelling whole-plant allocation in relation to carbon and nitrogen supply: Coordination versus optimization: Opinion. Plant and Soil 185: 65-74.
REYNOLDS, J.F. and B. Acock. 1997. Modularity and genericness in plant and ecosystem models. Ecological Modelling 94: 7-16.
REYNOLDS, J.F., R.A. VIRGINIA, P.R. Kemp, A.G. DeSoyza and D.C. Tremmel. 1999. Impact of drought on desert shrubs: Effects of seasonality and degree of resource island development. Ecological Monographs 69: 69-106.
Sala, O.E., F.S. Chapin, and 17 others, including L.F. HUENNEKE. 2000. Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science, in press.
SCHLESINGER, W.H., J.A. Raikes, A.E. Hartley, and A.F. Cross. 1996. On the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems. Ecology 77: 364-374.
SCHLESINGER, W.H. and A.M. Pilmanis. 1998. Plant-soil interactions in deserts. Biogeochemistry 42: 169-187.
SCHLESINGER, W.H., A.D. ABRAHAMS, A.J. Parsons, and J. Wainwright. 1999. Nutrient losses in runoff from grassland and shrubland habitats in southern New Mexico: I. Rainfall simulation experiments. Biogeochemistry 45: 21-34
Schowalter, T.D. 1996. Arthropod associates and herbivory on tarbush in southern New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 41: 140-144.
Schowalter, T.D., D.C. LIGHTFOOT, and W.G. Whitford. 1999. Diversity of arthropod responses to host-plant water stress in a desert ecosystem in southern New Mexico. American Midland Naturalist 142:281-290.
Sheets, K.R. and J.M.H. Hendrickx. 1995. Noninvasive soil water content measurement using electromagnetic induction. Water Resources Research 3l: 2401-2409.
Tellez, M.R., R.E. Estell, E.L. Fredrickson, and K.M. HAVSTAD. 1998. Essential oil of Chrysothamnus pulchellus (Gray) Greene ssp. pulchellus. Journal of Essential Oil Research 10: 201-204.
Tellez, M.R., R.E. Estell, E.L. Fredrickson, and K.M. HAVSTAD. 1997. Essential oil of Flourensia cernua DC. Journal of Essential Oil Research 9: 619-624.
Tellez, M.R., R.E. Estell, E.L. Fredrickson and K.M. HAVSTAD. 1997. Essential oil of Dyssodia acerosa DC. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 45: 3276-3278.
Thomas, P.M., K.F. Golly, R.A. VIRGINIA, and J.W. Zyskind. 1995. Cloning of nod gene regions from mesquite rhizobia and bradyrhizobia and nucleotide sequence of the nodD gene from mesquite rhizobia. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61: 3422-3429.
VIRGINIA, R.A. and D.W. Freckman. 1997. Soil and sediments: Linkages to new research. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 78: 284-285.
VIRGINIA, R. A., and D. H. Wall. 1999. How soils structure communities in the Antarctic Dry Valleys. BioScience 49:973-983.
Wainwright, J., A.J. Parsons, and A.D. ABRAHAMS. 1999. Rainfall energy under creosotebush. Journal of Arid Environments 43:111-120.
Wainwright, J. 2000. Plot-scale studies of vegetation, overland flow, and erosion interactions: Case studies from Arizona and New Mexico. Hydrological Processes, in press.
Whitford, W.G. and D. Rudolfo. 1995. Variability in soils and vegetation associated with harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex rugosus) nests on a Chihuahuan desert watershed. Biology and Fertility of Soils 20: 169-173.
Whitford, W.G. 1996. The importance of the biodiversity of soil biota in arid ecosystems. Biodiversity and Conservation 5: 185-195.
Whitford, W.G. 1997. Desertification and animal biodiversity in the desert grasslands of North America. Journal of Arid Environments 37: 709-720.
Whitford, W.G., J. Anderson, and P.M. Rice. 1997. Stemflow contributions to the 'fertile island' effect in creosotebush, Larrea tridentata. Journal of Arid Environments 35: 451-457.
Whitford, W.G., A.G. de Soyza, J.W. Van Zee, J.E. Herrick and K.M. HAVSTAD. 1998. Vegetation, soil, and animal indicators of rangeland health. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 51: 179-200.
Wondzell, S.M., G.L. Cunningham, and D. Bachelet. 1996. Relationships between landforms, geomorphic processes, and plant communities on a watershed in the northern Chihuahuan desert. Landscape Ecology 11: 351-362.
Whitford, W.G. and H.M. Sobhy. 1999. Effects of repeated drought on soil microarthropod communities in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Biology and Fertility of Soils 28: 121-128.
Zak, D.R., D. Tilman, R.R. Parmenter, C.W. Rice, F.M. Fisher, J. Vose, D. Milchunas, and C.W. Martin. 1994. Plant production and soil microorganisms in late-successional ecosystems: A continental-scale study. Ecology 75: 2333-2347.
Zak, J.C., R. Sinsabaugh, and W.P. MacKay. 1995. Windows of opportunity in desert ecosystems: Their implications to fungal community development. Canadian Journal of Botany 73S:1407-1414.
Book Chapters
Buck, B.J., J. Kipp, and H.C. MONGER. 1998. Soil stratigraphy of the northern Hueco Basin, New Mexico. In G.M. Mack (ed.). Geological Guidebook of the Las Cruces Region. New Mexico Geological Society. Elliott, E., D. Coleman, M. Harmon, E. Kelly and H.C. MONGER. 1999. Soil structure. PP 74-88 in: P. Robertson et al. (eds.), Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford University Press, New York. Grigal, D., J. Bell, R. Ahrens, R. Boone, E. Kelly, H.C. MONGER, and P. Sollins. 1999. Site and landscape characterization for ecological studies. PP 29-54 in: P. Robertson et al. (eds.), Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford University Press, New York.
HAVSTAD, K.M. 1998. An overview of arid grasslands in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Pp. 11-20 In: B Tellman, D.M. Finch, C. Edminster, and R. Hamre (eds). The Future of Arid Grasslands: Identifying Issues and Seeking Solutions. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report RMRS-P-3
HERMAN, R.P. 199-. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in desert plants. In C. Bacon and J.F. White (eds.). The Evolution of Endophytism. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Herrera, E.A. and L.F. HUENNEKE (eds.). 1996. Biological Diversity in the Land of Enchantment: New Mexico's Natural Heritage. New Mexico Journal of Science 36: 1-375. (Edited volume.)
Herrick, J.E., M.A. Weltz, J.D. Reeder, G.E. Schuman, and J.R. Simanton. 1999. Rangeland soil erosion and soil quality: role of soil resistance, resilience, and disturbance regime. In: “Soil Quality and Soil Erosion,” Soil and Water Conservation Society, Ankeny, IA.
HUENNEKE, L.F. and I.R. Noble. 1995. Arid and semi-arid lands pp. 349-354. In V.H. Heywood and R.T. Watson (eds.). Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
HUENNEKE, L.F. 1995. Effects of biodiversity on water distribution and quality in ecosystems. pp. 412-417. In V.H. Heywood and R.T. Watson (eds.). Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
HUENNEKE, L.F. 1997. Outlook for plant invasions: Interactions with other agents of global change. pp. 95-103. In J.O. Luken and J.W. Thieret (eds.). Assessment and Management of Plant Invasions. Springer-Verlag, New York.
HUENNEKE, L.F. and I. Noble. 1996. Ecosystem function of biodiversity in arid ecosystems. pp. 99-128. In H.A. Mooney, J.H. Cushman, E. Medina, O.E. Sala and E.-D. Schulze (eds.). Functional Role of Biodiversity: A global perspective. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
HUENNEKE, L.F. In press. Biodiversity in desert ecosystems of the future: Responses to climate change and desertification. In O.E. Sala, F.S. Chapin, and E. Huber-Sanwald (eds.). Future Scenarios of Biodiversity: Biological Responses to Global Change. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Jarrell, W.M., D. Armstrong, D. Grigal, E. Kelly, H.C. MONGER, and D. Wedin. 1999. Soil water and temperature status. PP 53-73 in: P. Robertson et al. (eds.), Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Kratz, T.K., J.J. Magnuson, P. Bayley, B.J. Benson, C.W. Berish, C.S. Bledsoe, E.R. Blood, C.J. Bowser, S.R. Carpenter, G.L. Cunningham, R.A. Dahlgren, T.M. Frost, J.C. Halfpenny, J.D. Hansen, D. Heisey, R.S. Inouye, D.W. Kaufman, A. McKee and J. Yarie. 1995. Temporal and spatial variability as neglected ecosystem properties: Lessons learned from l2 North American ecosystems. pp. 359-383. In D.J. Rapport, C.L. Gaudet, and P. Calow (eds.). Evaluating and Monitoring the Health of Large-scale Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, N.Y.
Lauenroth, W.K., D.P. Coffin, I.C. Burke, and R.A. VIRGINIA. 1997. Interactions between demographic and ecosystem processes: A challenge for functional types. pp. 234-254 In T.M. Smith, H.H. Shugart, and F.I. Woodward (eds.). Plant Functional Types. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Li, H. and J.F. REYNOLDS. 1997. Modeling effects of spatial pattern, drought, and grazing on rates of rangeland degradation: A combined Markov and cellular automaton approach. pp. 211-230. In D.A. Quattrochi and M. Goodchild (eds.), Scaling of Remote Sensing Data for Geographical Information Systems. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan.
Marion, G.M. and W.H. SCHLESINGER. 1994. Quantitative modeling of soil forming processes in deserts: The CALDEP and CALGYP models. pp. l29-l45. In R.B. Bryant and R.W. Arnold (eds.). Quantitative Modeling of Soil-Forming Processes. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin.
MONGER, H.C. 1995. Pedology in arid lands archaeological research: An example from southern New Mexico-western Texas. pp. 35-50. In M.E. Collins (ed.). Pedological Perspectives in Archaeological Research Special Publication 44, Soil Science Society of America, Madison Wisconsin.
MONGER, H.C. and E.F. Kelly. 2000. Soil silica--pathways and environmental relationships. In J.B. Dixon and D.G. Schulze (eds.). Environmental Soil Mineralogy. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin.
MONGER, H.C., L.H. Gile and J.W. Hawley. 199-. The Desert Project. In C.A. Olson (ed.). The Soil-Geomorphology Projects of R.V. Ruhe. Special Publication of the Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado.
Nordt, L., M. Collins, D. Fanning, and C. MONGER. 2000. Entisols. E224-E241 in: M.E. Sumner (ed.). Handbook of Soil Science. CRC Press.
Peters, A.J. and M.D. Eve. 1995. Satellite monitoring of desert plant community response to moisture availability. pp. 273-287. In D.A. Mouat and C.F. Hutchinson (eds.). Desertification in Developed Countries. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dortrecht, The Netherlands.
REYNOLDS, J.F., R.A. VIRGINIA, and W.H. SCHLESINGER. 1997. Defining plant functional types for models of desertification. pp. 195-216. In T.M. Smith, H.H. Shugart and F.I. Woodward. (eds.). Plant Functional Types Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
REYNOLDS, J.F. and J. Wu. 1999. Do landscape structural and functional units exist? Pp. 273-296. In J.D. Tenhunen and P.Kabat (eds.). Integrating Hydrology, Ecosystem Dynamics, and Biogeochemistry in Complex Landscapes. John Wiley and Sons, Berlin.
REYNOLDS, J.F., R.J. Fernandez, and P.R. Kemp. 199-. Drylands and global change: Rainfall variability and sustainable rangeland production. In K.N. Watanabe and A. Komanine (eds.). Challenge of Plant and Agricultural Sciences to the Crisis of the Biosphere on the Earth in the 21st Century. Landes Biosciences, Austin, Texas.
Ritchie, J.C., A. Rango, W.P. Kustas, T.J. Schmugge, and K.M. HAVSTAD. 1997. JORNEX: A remote sensing campaign to quantify rangeland vegetation patterns and change. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 78(4):304.
SCHLESINGER, W.H. 1994. The vulnerability of biotic diversity. pp. 245-260. In R. Socolow, C. Andrews, F. Berkhout, and V. Thomas (eds.). Industrial Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Wall, D.H. and R.A. VIRGINIA. 199-. The world beneath our feet: Soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In P. Raven and T.A. Williams (eds.). Nature and Human Society. National Academy of Sciences Press, Washington,D.C.
Whitford, W.G. 1995. Desertification: Implications and limitations of the ecosystem health metaphor. pp. 273-293. In R.J. Rapport, C.L. Gaudet and P. Calow. (eds.). Evaluating and Monitoring the Health of Large-Scale Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Whitford, W.G., G.S. Forbes, and G.I. Kerley. 1995. Diversity, spatial variability, and functional roles of invertebrates in desert grassland ecosystems. pp. 152-195. In M. McClaran and T.R. Van Devender (eds.). The Desert Grassland. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
Whitford, W.G., G. Martinez-Turanzas, and E Martinez-Meza. 1995. Persistence of desertified ecosystems: Explanations and Implications. pp. 319-332. In D.A. Mouat and C.F. Hutchinson (eds.). Desertification in Developed Countries. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dortrecht, The Netherlands.
Dissertations and Theses
Baggs, J. l997. Effects of black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) on community and ecosystem properties in Chihuahuan desert grassland. M.S. Thesis, New Mexico State University (L.F. Huenneke, advisor).
Brisson, J. 1994. Growth plasticity and neighborhood interactions with special reference to creosotebush (Larrea tridentata). Ph.D. Dissertation, San Diego State University (J.F. Reynolds, advisor).
Buck, Brenda. 1996. Late Quaternary landscape evolution, paleoclimate, and geoarchaeology, southern New Mexico and west Texas. Ph.D. Dissertation, New Mexico State University (H. Curtis Monger, advisor).
Connin, Sean L. 1996. Variations in the isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonate: contributions of vegetation, soil disturbance and diagenesis. Ph.D. Dissertation, Dartmouth College (R.A. Virginia, advisor).
Encina-Rojas, A.E. l995. Detailed soil survey of the Jornada LTER (Long-term Ecological Research) Transect vicinity, southern New Mexico. M.S. Thesis, New Mexico State University (H. Curtis Monger, advisor).
Gallegos, R. 1999. Biogenic carbonate, desert shrubs, and stable isotopes (M.S. Thesis, New Mexico State University (H.C. Monger, advisor).
Hartley, A.E. l997. Environmental controls on nitrogen cycling in northern Chihuahuan desert soils. Ph.D. Dissertation, Duke University (W.H. Schlesinger, advisor).
Herrera-Matos, J. 1998. The biodiversity of nitrogen-efficient guild bacteria in Chihuahuan Desert soils at the Jornada Basin LTER site, New Mexico. M.S. Thesis, New Mexico State University (R.P. Herman, advisor).
Horton, J.D. l995. Using kriging to predict distribution of arid vegetation, with discussion of cokriging field data and satellite imagery. Ph.D. Dissertation, New Mexico State University (K.M. Havstad, advisor).
Howes, D.A. 1999. Modeling runoff in a desert shrubland ecosystem, Jornada Basin, New Mexico. Ph.D. Dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo (A.D. Abrahams, advisor).
Kipp, J.M. 1998. Quaternary pedogeomorphology, paleoclimate, and geoarchaeology along the Pyramid Mountains Piedmont, southwestern New Mexico. (Ph.D. Dissertation, New Mexico State University (H.C. Monger, advisor).
Lassetter, W.L. Jr. l996. Changes in soil labile-C indicated by the ratio of microbial biomass-C to total organic-C in a semiarid grassland undergoing desertification. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Nevada, Reno (R.A. Wharton, Jr., advisor).
Li, Gang. l996. Sediment transport capacity of laminar overland flow. Ph.D. Dissertation, State University of New York, Buffalo (A. Abrahams, advisor). Marlies, E.H. l995. Application of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures as tracers of vegetation changes accompanying desertification. M.S. Thesis, Dartmouth College (Ross A. Virginia, advisor). Martinez-Rios, J. 1999 The use of LANDSAT in making soil maps of the Mapimi Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Ph.D. Dissertation, New Mexico State University (H.C. Monger, advisor). Montes-Helu, M.C. 1997. Track-vehicle disturbance on rangeland and design of sapflow gage for desert shrubs. Ph.D. Dissertation, New Mexico State University (Tim Jones, advisor). Neave, M. 1999. Impact of small mammal disturbances on water and sediment yields in the Jornada Basin, southern New Mexico. Ph.D. Dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo (A.D. Abrahams, advisor). Pan, J.J. 1996. The effects of grazing history, plant size, and plant density on growth and production of black grama grass (Bouteloua eriopoda). M.S. Thesis, New Mexico State University (M. Cain, advisor).
Thompson, J.B. l995. Regeneration niches and nurse plant associations in Chihuahuan desert perennials. M.S. Thesis, New Mexico State University (L.F. Huenneke, advisor).
Tiszler, J. l994. Changes in soil nitrogen dynamics with the establishment of desert shrubs in a Chihuahuan black grama grassland. M.S. Thesis, San Diego State University (R.A. Virginia, advisor).
Zeisset, M. 1998. Effect of plant community structure on insect community structure in the Chihuahuan Desert. M.S. Thesis, New Mexico State University (L.F. Huenneke, advisor). Other Publications, Including Conference ProceedingsBarrow, J.R. and K.M. HAVSTAD. 1996. Natural methods of establishing native plants on arid rangelands. In B.A. Roundy, E.D. McArthur, J.S. Haley and D.K. Mann (eds.). Proceedings of the Wildland Shrub and Arid Land Restoration Symposium. U.S. Forest Service, Ogden, Utah.
de Soyza, A.G., W.G. Whitford, R.A. VIRGINIA and J.F. REYNOLDS. 1996. Effects of summer drought on the water relations, physiology, and growth of large and small plants of Prosopis glandulosa and Larrea tridentata. pp. 220-223. In J.R. Barrow, E.D. McArthur, R.E. Sosebee, and R.J. Tausch (eds.). Proceedings: Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment. U.S. Forest Service, Ogden, Utah.
Estell, R.E., E.L. Fredrickson, D.M. Anderson, K.M. HAVSTAD, and M.D. Remmenga. 1996. Tarbush leaf surface terpene profile in relation to mammalian herbivory. In J.R. Barrow, E.D. McArthur, R.E. Sosebee and R.J. Tausch. (eds.). pp. 237-241. Proceedings of the Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Climate. U.S. Forest Service, Ogden, Utah.
Everitt, J.H., M.A. Alaniz, M.R. Davis, D.E. Escobar, K.M. HAVSTAD, and J.C. Ritchie. 1997. Light reflectance characteristics and video remote sensing of two range sites on the Jornada Experimental Range. pp. 485-495. In Proceedings of the l6th Biennial Workshop on Videography and Color Photography in Resource Assessment, Weslaco, Texas.
Gile, L.H., J.W. Hawley, R.B. Grossman, H.C. MONGER, C.E. Montoya and G.H. Mack. 1995. Supplement to the Desert Project Guidebook, with emphasis on soil micromorphology. Bulletin 142, New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources. Socorro, N.M.
Gile, L.H., R.B. Grossman, J.W. Hawley, and H.C. MONGER. 1996. Ancient soils of the Rincon surface, northern Dona Ana County. pp. l-110. In L.H. Gile and R.J. Ahrens (eds.). Studies of soil and landscape evolution in southern New Mexico. Supplement to the Desert Project Soil Monograph. Vol. II. Soil Survey Investigations Report #44, Lincoln, Nebraska.
GUTSCHICK, V.P. 1996. Physiological control of evapotranspiration by shrubs: Scaling measurements from leaf to stand with the aid of comprehensive models. pp. 214-219. In J.R. Barrow, E.D. McArthur, R.E. Sosebee, and R.J. Tausch. (eds). Proceedings: Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment. U.S. Forest Service, Ogden, Utah.
HAVSTAD, K.M. and R. Beck. 1996. Research in the Jornada basin of southern New Mexico: A field tour. pp. 269-272. In J.R. Barrow, E.D. McArthur, R.E. Sosebee and R.J. Tausch. (eds.). Proceedings of the Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment. U.S. Forest Service, Ogden, Utah.
HAVSTAD, K.M. and W.H. SCHLESINGER. 1996. Reflections on a century of rangeland research in the Jornada Basin of New Mexico. pp. 10-15. In J.R. Barrow, E.D. McArthur, R.E. Sosebee and R.J. Tausch (eds.). Proceedings of the Symposium on Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment. U.S. Forest Service, Ogden, Utah.
HAVSTAD, K.M. 1996. Legacy of Charles Travis Turney: The Jornada Experimental Range. Archaeological Society of New Mexico Annual Volume 22: 77-92.
HAVSTAD, K.M. 199-. Animal Husbandry. In A.S. Goudie and D.J. Cuff (eds.). Encyclopedia of Global Change. Oxford University Press.
HUENNEKE, L.F. 1999. A helping hand: facilitation of plant invasions by human activities. PP 562-566 in: D. Eldridge and D. Freudenberger, eds. People and Rangelands: Building the Future. Proceedings of the VI International Rangeland Congress, Townsville, Australia, July 1999. International Rangeland Congress Inc., Aitkenvale, Queensland, Australia.
HUENNEKE, L.F. 1996. Shrublands and grasslands of the Jornada Long-Term Ecological Research Site: Desertification and plant community structure in the northern Chihuahuan desert. pp. 48-50. In J.R. Barrow, E.D. McArthur, R.E. Sosebee and R.J. Tausch. Proceedings: Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment. U.S. Forest Service, Ogden, Utah.
MONGER, H.C. 1999. Natural cycles of desertification in the Chihuahuan Desert, North America. PP 209-223 in: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Desert Development. Texas Technological University Press, Lubbock.
MONGER, H.C. and W.C. Lynn. 1996. Clay mineralogy of the Desert Project and Rincon soils. pp. 111-155. In L.H. Gile and R.J. Ahrens (eds.). Studies of soil and landscape evolution in southern New Mexico. Supplement to the Desert Project Soil Monograph, Vol. II. Soil Survey Investigations Report, Lincoln, Nebraska.
Pilmanis, A.M. and W.H. SCHLESINGER. 199-. Spatial assessment of desertification in terms of vegetation pattern and available soil nitrogen. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Desert Development, Texas Tech University, Lubbock.
Rango, A., J.C. Ritchie, W.P. Kustas, T.J. Schmugge, K.S. Humes, L.E. Hipps, J.H. Prueger, and K.M. HAVSTAD. 199-. JORNEX: A multidisciplinary remote sensing campaign to quantify plant community/atmospheric interactions in the northern Chihuahuan desert of New Mexico. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Meteorological Society, Phoenix, Arizona.
Ritchie, J.C., A. Rango, W.P. Kustas, T.J. Schmugge, K. Brubaker, X. Zhan, K.M. HAVSTAD, B. Nolan, J.H. Prueger, J.H. Everitt, M.R. Davis, F.R. Schiebe, J.D. Ross, K.S. Humes, L.E. Hipp, K. Ramalingam, M. Menenti, W.G.M. Bastiaanssen, and H. Pelgrum. 1996. JORNEX: An airborne campaign to quantify rangeland vegetation change and plant community-atmospheric interactions. pp. 54-66. In The Proceedings of the Second International Airborne Remote Sensing Conference and Exposition, San Francisco, CA.
SCHLESINGER, W.H. 199-. Desertification. In A.S. Goudie and D.J. Cuff (eds.). Encyclopedia of Global Change. Oxford University Press.
Thompson, J. and L.F. HUENNEKE. 1996. Nurse plant associations in the Chihuahuan desert shrublands. pp. 158-164. In J.R. Barrow, E.D. McArthur, R.E. Sosebee and R.J. Tausch (eds.). Proceedings: Shrubland Ecosystem Dynamics in a Changing Environment. U.S. Forest Service, Ogden, Utah.
JORNADA DATASETS
The following datasets are maintained in electronic form by the Jornada LTER information management system. Older datasets, particularly from IBP and USDA-ARS projects predating LTER I, are being added to this list as time and resources allow their recovery, documentation, and quality assurance. This list represents the current contents of the Jornada LTER Data Catalog. We note in the table below whether datasets and associated meta-data are displayed on the Jornada web site, and whether datasets are listed as open-access (accessible without approval of responsible investigator) or restricted (available after approval from the responsible investigator). Those open-access datasets not provided on the web are maintained in electronic form in the system, but are available only upon request from the data manager because of data quality assurance and control issues (proofing and QA/QC not yet completed; methods used in data collection not yet validated; legacy/historical datasets where complet e documentation has not yet been recovered). Those datasets listed as restricted are also maintained in electronic form and require release authorization from the responsible investigator because one of the following conditions applies, in accord with LTER Network standards: - legal issues (e.g., location of vulnerable resources, copyrighted imagery); - publication issues (student or post-doc datasets where results have not yet been published; active long-term study planned to detect trends longer than one funding cycle; active short-term cycle not yet completed).
Restricted access is not a permanent condition and we review the status of restricted datasets frequently. Functionally, most ‘restricted’ datasets are in fact available to collaborators. We append a list of requests that includes restricted datasets and the response provided (in most cases, very rapid provision of the data in electronic form). Notification of the data manager is requested prior to download of web data. However, as is the case for most LTER sites, we have no absolute means of determining use of unrestricted datasets from the web site. We have counts on the number of visits to particular pages or datasets via the Internet for certain time periods, but cannot determine from these whether data are downloaded and used.
Jornada LTER Data Catalog (sorted by Status, Access, Organization, then Study)S Status (A=active, C=completed) A Access (O=open-unrestricted, R=restricted-requires release authorization of P.I.) P.I. Principal Investigator DD Documentation on web DS Data on web O Organization (1,2,3=LTER-I,-II,-III I=IBP R=LTER-related U=USDA)
STUDY S A P.I. DD DS Odryfall deposition chemistry data A O schlesinger Y Y 1 evaporation pan data - jornada lter A O whitford/anderson Y Y 1 lter weather station climatological data A O anderson 1 transect soil water content A O virginia Y Y 1 transect soil water content - raw data A O virginia Y Y 1 upper trailer precipitation A O whitford/anderson 1 upper trailer summary precipitation data A O whitford/anderson 1 wetfall deposition chemistry data A O schlesinger Y Y 1 annual aboveground npp - summary A O huenneke Y Y 2 lidet A O harmon Y Y 2 npp harvest data A O huenneke Y Y 2 seasonal aboveground npp - summary A O huenneke Y Y 2 seasonal mean aboveground biomass - summary A O huenneke Y Y 2 biodiversity tbrg - daily summary A O huenneke Y Y 3 biodiversity tbrg - by event A O huenneke Y Y 3 biodiversity tbrg - monthly summary A O huenneke Y Y 3 dipstick rain gauge data A O anderson Y Y 3 summary: daily totals, TBRG precip - NPP site A O anderson Y Y 3 summary: hourly totals, TBRG precip - NPP A O anderson Y Y 3 summary: minute totals, TBRG precip - NPP A O anderson Y Y 3 summary: monthly totals, TBRG precip - NPP A O anderson Y Y 3 tipping bucket rain gauge precip - NPP sites A O anderson Y Y 3 usda standard can rain gauge A O havstad U boundary fenceline vegetation A R huenneke Y 1 boundry fenceline vegetation A R huenneke/anderson 1 transect plantline intercepts A R huenneke Y 1 lizard pitfall traps A R whitford/lightfoot Y 2 npp grg precipitation A R anderson Y Y 2 npp perennial plant phenology transects A R huenneke Y 2 npp plant tissue chemistry A R virginia/jarrell 2 npp quadrat biomass by species and season A R huenneke Y 2 npp quadrat data A R huenneke Y 2 npp soil water content A R virginia Y 2 seasonal aboveground npp by species per plot A R huenneke Y 2 termite bait data A R whitford Y 2 abrasion of crust A R gillette Y 3 arthropod pitfall trap-III A R lightfoot Y 3 biodiversity npp quadrat A R huenneke 3 sand mass flux A R gillette Y 3 smes rodent trapping data A R lightfoot Y 3 smes vegetation line intercept data A R lightfoot Y 3 smes vegetation quadrat data A R lightfoot Y 3 soil erosion pan A R huenneke Y 3 threshold friction velocity A R gillette Y 3 vegetation transects A R huenneke Y 3 wind and sand motion A R gillette Y 3 % disturbance on lter control transect C O whitford 1 % disturbance on lter treatment transect C O whitford 1 1986 transect termite data C O whitford 1 caliche study soil water potential C O schlesinger/fonteyn 1 deep soil microarthropods C O virginia 1 hydrology runoff creosotebush plots C O ward/bolton/schlesinger 1 hydrology site precipitation C O whitford/anderson 1 ion analysis of pond water C O whitford 1 kangaroo rat mound disturbance C O whitford/mun 1 larrea leaf area C O whitford 1 leaching mineralization potential survey C O fisher 1 litterbag data C O whitford 1 litterbag organic mass loss - summary C O whitford 1 litterbag root biomass loss C O whitford/mun 1 litterbag root chemistry C O whitford/mun 1 lysimeter - jornada soil physics C O wierenga 1 mesquite foliage insects C O whitford 1 mesquite phenology C O virginia 1 mesquite tissue tkn and tp concentrations C O virginia 1 mites from root tube extractions C O virginia 1 nitrogen mineralization in mesquite cores C O virginia 1 plant nutrients beneath mesquite C O virginia 1 poppy mound mineralization data C O fisher 1 rhizobium beneath mesquite C O virginia 1 root tube mites C O virginia 1 root tube soil nutrients C O virginia 1 saturation extracts of mesquite soil cores C O virginia 1 soil micronutrients for mesquite soil core C O virginia 1 soil nutrients beneath mesquite C O virginia 1 soil nutrients in deep cores C O virginia 1 surface mites beneath mesquite C O virginia 1 surface nematodes beneath mesquite C O virginia 1 surface soil microarthropods beneath mesquite C O virginia 1 surface soil nematodes beneath mesquite C O virginia 1 surface soil nitrogen in different canopy positions ... C O virginia 1 surface soil nutrients beneath mesquite C O virginia 1 termite +/- litterfall traps C O whitford 1 transect air temperatures C O ludwig/cunningham 1 transect ants data C O conley, m. 1 transect creosote litterfall C O whitford 1 transect mesquite litterfall C O whitford 1 transect n03 + n02-n and nh4-n levels in soil C O whitford/fisher 1 transect photo quad slides C O ludwig/huenneke 1 transect precipitation every 5th station C O whitford 1 transect precipitation every station C O cunningham 1 transect rabbit litter C O whitford 1 transect soil n C O whitford 1 transect soil physics - cations C O whitford 1 transect soil physics - ph C O whitford 1 transect soil physics - phosphate C O whitford 1 transect soil physics - soil analysis C O whitford 1 transect soil po4-p C O whitford 1 transect soil total nitrogen C O whitford 1 transect soil water potential C O anderson 1 transect soil water potential - raw C O anderson 1 transect termite data C O whitford 1 upper trailer soil temperatures C O whitford 1 ammonia volatilization from ... habitats C O schlesinger/peterjohn Y Y 2 hydrology natural runoff plots - runoff C O ward Y Y 2 hydrology natural runoff plots h2o chemistry C O schlesinger Y Y 2 hydrology plant cover C O anderson 2 nitrogen volatilization from grassland soils C O schlesinger/peterjohn Y Y 2 small mammals consumer plots C O whitford/lightfoot Y 2 transect biomass - forbs & grasses C O whitford 2 nitrogen and phosphorus chemistry C O schlesinger Y Y 3 summary of grassland nitrogen and phosphorus C O schlesinger Y Y 3 summary of intershrub nitrogen and phosphorus C O schlesinger Y Y 3 summary of shrub nitrogen and phosphorus chem C O schlesinger Y Y 3 ibp bajada/playa soil temperatures C O whitford I ibp bajada/playa soil water potentials C O whitford I ibp larrea litter data C O ludwig I ibp precipitation C O whitford I ibp prosopis litter data C O ludwig I ibp prosopis/larrea litter data - summary C O ludwig I ibp soil water potential C O whitford I ant nest soil nutrients C O di marco/whitford R ant nest soil organic matter C O di marco/whitford R ant nest soil water content C O di marco/whitford R arthropod species composition C O lightfoot/whitford R arthropod trophic group composite C O lightfoot/whitford R density and cover of winter annual plants C O di marco/whitford R fluffgrass anion exchange resins bags for no3 C O silva/whitford R fluffgrass cation exchange resin bags for nh4 C O silva/whitford R fluffgrass mesocosm microarthropod numbers C O silva/whitford R fluffgrass mesocosm: mites and nematodes C O silva/whitford R fluffgrass plant dynamics C O silva/whitford R fluffgrass plant growth C O silva/whitford R fluffgrass plant total nitrogen C O silva/whitford R fluffgrass rhizosphere nitrogen mineralization potential C O silva/whitford R fluffgrass soil nitrogen C O silva/whitford R fluffgrass soil total nitrogen C O silva/whitford R jornada grasshopper data C O lightfoot R jornada grasshopper plot vegetation data C O lightfoot R larrea leaf nutrients C O lajtha R post fire nitrogen mineralization potential in boer in jun C O cornelius R post fire nitrogen mineralization potential in boer in oct C O cornelius R post fire nitrogen mineralization potential in prgl in jun C O cornelius R retranslocation data for larrea leaves from fert. plots C O lajtha R transect microarthropod counts &nbs |